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The Lobelia genus contains herbaceous tender perennials, typically grown as annuals, that offer summer through fall interest, sometimes blooming until first frost. The flowering plants bloom profusely in masses of tubular two-lipped flowers that can be borne solitary or in racemes or panicles.
Lobelia blooms are vibrantly colored in shades of white, red, pink, purple, or blue and are attractive to butterflies and hummingbirds. The flowers of some varieties make excellent cuts for floral arrangements.
Lobelia is a highly diverse genus of more than 400 species that includes shrubs, annuals, and hardy and tender perennials. Some of the most popular cultivated species are L. cardinalis (cardinal flower [syn. L. fulgens]), a North American native; L. siphilitca (great lobelia, blue lobelia, blue cardinal flower); L. erinus (blue trailing lobelia, compact lobelia, edging lobelia); and L. speciosa (a hybrid species). Most lobelia have a trailing habit of simple leaves born alternately along the stems, but there are compact (dwarf), upright, and clump-forming varieties. Upright varieties make good bedding, border, and edging plants. Trailing varieties are best in patio pots, window boxes, and hanging baskets but can also be effective as a flowering ground cover. Lobelia are perfect for pollinator, rain, cottage, and informal gardens.
Lobelia grow well in a variety of light conditions. In the North, they grow best in full sun; but in the South, or in hot summer climates, they may require some afternoon shade to perform at their best. They prefer fertile, reliably moist soil and thrive in bog gardens, wet meadows, along streams, and around ponds. Lobelia should never be allowed to fully dry out. Low maintenance, they are self-cleaning and require no deadheading. They tend to be deer and rabbit resistant.